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Your references should ideally have worked with you, so your manager would be one that CFA Institute would be expecting. However, how about your old managers in your French bank? My own ‘CFA’ reference was an old manager, which by then was 3 companies ago, since I was working in tech by then.
As for your career path, my take is stamina and longevity comes from whether you like the work. Money and status (in my experience) becomes less important as you get older and (if you play your cards right) more abundant so I would think it would be more important to address the nature of the work first (i.e. choose an industry you like/respect) then move up. But this is just my opinion.
Hope that helps, and keep me updated if you can!