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For Example 21 Interpreting Skewness and Kurtosis,
the first paragraph of the solutions provided are the answers based on the histogram alone. The second paragraph is data that only the authors of the question would have; they’re just giving you the data to validate their justifications in the first paragraph.
For Practice Problem #23,
How to calculate median – https://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/median.asp
The answer is C (Portfolio R is higher than its arithmetic mean annual return) because it is true and because A and B are untrue.