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This how rationalize È›hem in one sentence each. Structural- determine credit spread via “option” pricing mechanisms; stock holders long a call and debt holders short a put. Reduced- prices credit spread based off bond mechansims; present value of expected losses.
I could add things like business cycle affecting credit spreads which is absolutely relevant for cyclical exposed firms, like you said.
That’s just how I look at it. Can’t tell ya if that’s right ha ha but I hope so!