Please help to solve these question in Reading 2 of level 1

Hi guys,

I am struggling with 2 following problems, if you are expert please help to explain. Thank you so much for you time and I wish you all the best !

Problems 1: Consider the daily trading volume for a stock for one year, as shown in the graph below. In addition to the count of observations within each bin or interval, the number of observations anticipated based on a normal distribution (given the sample arithmetic average and standard deviation) is provided in the chart as well. The average trading volume per day for this stock in this year is 8.6 million shares, and the standard deviation is 4.9 million shares.

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1. Describe whether or not this distribution is skewed. If so, what could account for this situation?
2. Describe whether or not this distribution displays kurtosis. How would you make this determination?

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Solution to 1

The distribution appears to be skewed to the right, or positively skewed. This is likely due to: (1) no possible negative trading volume on a given trading day, so the distribution is truncated at zero; and (2) greater-than-typical trading occurring relatively infrequently, such as when there are company-specific announcements.

The actual skewness for this distribution is 2.1090, which supports this interpretation.

=> Could anyone explain how to calculate the skewness in this case?

Solution to 2

The distribution appears to have excess kurtosis, with a right-side fat tail and with maximum shares traded in the 4.6 to 6.1 million range, exceeding what is expected if the distribution was normally distributed. There are also fewer observations than expected between the central region and the tail.

The actual excess kurtosis for this distribution is 5.2151, which supports this interpretation.

=> Could anyone explain how to calculate the kurtosis in this case?

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Problem 2: 
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23 The annual returns for three portfolios are shown in the following exhibit. Portfolios P and R were created in Year 1, Portfolio Q in Year 2.

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The median annual return from portfolio creation to Year 5 for:

1. A  Portfolio P is 4.5%.
2. B  Portfolio Q is 4.0%.
3. C  Portfolio R is higher than its arithmetic mean annual return.

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=> The answer is C and The median of Portfolio R is 0.8% higher than the mean for Portfolio R.

=> Could anyone please explain how to calculate median and mean in this problem?

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