Sophie Macon 
Fixed income accounts for 11-14% of the CFA Level 1 exam (20-25 questions), making it the third-largest topic after financial statement analysis and ethics. This cheat sheet covers all 19 learning modules from the 2026 curriculum with formulas, key concepts, and calculation shortcuts. ☕ Use this as a quick reference during practice questions or final …
Economics accounts for 6-9% of the CFA Level 1 exam (11-16 questions) and builds foundation for Levels 2 and 3. This cheat sheet covers all 8 learning modules from the 2026 curriculum, split between microeconomics (firm behavior, market structures) and macroeconomics (fiscal/monetary policy, international trade, exchange rates). ☕ The most tested areas: exchange rate calculations …
Quick summary: In 2026, the CPA remains the “gold standard” for accounting careers especially in the US. While it requires a 300–600 hour study commitment and exam fees ranging from $2,170–$8,170, the ROI is substantial. CPAs earn a lifetime average of $1 million more than non-certified peers and are legally required for high-level roles like …
Quick summary: To optimize your CFA Level 1 prep, focus on high-weighted topics (e.g. Ethics and FSA), maintain a 90-second-per-question pace, and complete at least 6 full mock exams. Our proprietary data shows that candidates who consistently hit a 70% mock score have the highest probability of passing on their first attempt. So you’ve finally registered …
Quick summary: In 2026, there are five primary CFA entry requirements: 1) Meet the education and/or work experience requirement in one of the following ways: have a bachelor’s degree, or be a university student within 23 months of graduation, or have 4,000 hours of professional work experience, or have a combination of 4,000 hours of …
Quick Summary: The best finance certification depends on your specific career goal. The CFA is the gold standard for investment management and research, while the CPA is the primary requirement for accounting and audit roles. For risk management, the FRM is the global leader, whereas the CFP is best for wealth management and financial planning. …
Quick Summary: Whether the CFA is worth it depends on your career goal: it is highly valuable for asset management and equity research, where charterholders see a median salary premium of 53%. However, it requires a 1,000+ hour commitment over 4 years on average. For those in corporate finance or accounting, a CPA may offer …
Ethics represents 15-20% of CFA Level 1 (27-36 questions) and uses identical content across all three levels, making it highly efficient to master. This CFA Level 1 Ethics cheat sheet covers the 6 Code of Ethics components, all 7 Standards of Professional Conduct with 22 sub-standards, GIPS basics, and exam strategies. Key insight: Ethics can …
The Ethical and Professional Standards section is challenging for most CFA candidates given the more subjective nature of the topic and questions (vs. the rest of the curriculum), and the sheer amount of readings to go through. Regardless whether you’re new to CFA exams or a seasoned CFA Level 3 candidate, CFA Ethics section plays …
As a CFA candidate, you may have heard occasional horror stories about some candidates being subjected to CFA Professional Conduct investigations due to a misconduct (perceived or actual). To help alleviate your concerns, this article explains: Let’s dive in! What is CFA Institute’s Professional Conduct Program? CFA Institute upholds the Code of Ethics and Standards …