Assuming informationally efficient, active and passive should net the same returns. However passive should be more cost-efficient, so passive should have the highest net returns.
In an informationally efficient capital market, investors should use a passive management style because an active management strategy has high transaction and execution costs which is why actively managed investments should underperform.
Assuming informationally efficient, active and passive should net the same returns. However passive should be more cost-efficient, so passive should have the highest net returns.